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A detailed tutorial on how to use area models. Step by step tutorial including several examples of how to use area models for reference.

An area model is used to help mutliply and divide integers. It is called an area model because of the way it is set up – it looks like you are solving for area when the model is used correctly. These models are typically composed of many small one by one squares, although different sizes can be used in order to make mulitplication and division earlier. Area models are used to provide a visual representation of the multiplication and division algorithms.

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A detailed tutorial of Fermat’s Last Theorem. Step by step tutorial including several examples of Fermat’s Last Theorem for reference.

Fermat’s Last Theorem is one of the most well known mathematical theorems. Fermat’s Last Theorem states that no three positive integers a, b, and c can satisfy the equation a^n + b^n = c^n for any integer value of n greater than 2. Notice that the pattern for this theorem follows the Pythagorean theorem. This theorem had to be proved for odd prime numbers, as Fermat had only left that there was the special instance of n = 4 that works for this equation. Fermat first came up with the problem in 1637, but it was not solved until 1995. This theorem led to the developement of both algebraic number theory and the proof of the modularity theorem.

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A detailed tutorial on the definition of an irrational number. Step by step tutorial including several examples of irrational numbers for reference.

An irrational number is a number that cannot be written as the ratio of 2 integers. However, this does not mean they have no place on a number line. One of the most famous irrational numbers is pi, which is approximately equal to 3.14 – however, this is just a simplified version of the actual number. Another famous irrational number is the square root of 2. This is equal to around 1.41. Both irrational numbers and rational numbers are real numbers, which include all integers.