Posts Tagged ‘numbers’
Tuesday, January 5th, 2010
How to Determine Dedekind Cuts
Description
A detailed tutorial on how to determine Dedekind cuts. Step by step tutorial including several examples of Dedekind cuts for reference.
Overview
A Dedekind cut is a partition of rational numbers into two non-empty sets A and B, such that all elements of A are less than elements of B, and A has no greatest element. The cut itself is a gap that is located between A and B, which is normally found by creating a new, irrational number, and setting it in the gap. What irrational number you use depends on what numbers you have partitioned into the two sets. It is like the number line of advanced algebra, that has both rational and irrational numbers on it instead of just integers. The Dedekind cut was named after Richard Dedekind.
Tags: algebra, between, cut, Dedekind, elements, empty, gap, greater, integer, irrational, less, line, non, non-empty, numbers, partition, rational, Richard, sets, than
Posted in Algebra | No Comments »
Tuesday, December 29th, 2009
Introduction to Ordinary Sets
Description
A detailed tutorial on ordinary sets in set theory. Step by step tutorial including several examples of ordinary sets in set theory for reference.
Overview
You may be reading this and asking yourself, what is an ordinary set? An ordinary set is a set where the complete set is not part of the set. This is not the same as a subset, for as we know all sets are subsets of themselves. An example of an ordinary set is the set of all pencils. The set of pencils is not a pencil, so it is considered an ordinary set. However, the set of all thoughts is a thought. So, that set is not ordinary. In general, all sets are ordinary sets except for certain thoughts and concepts.
Tags: concepts, discrete math, element, example, extraordinary, numbers, objects, ordinary, set, subset, theory, thoughts, unusual
Posted in Discrete Math | No Comments »
Thursday, December 17th, 2009
The Story of the Infinite Hotel
Description
A detailed tale of the Infinite Hotel. Step by step story including several pictures and an explanation of the Infinite Hotel for reference.
Overview
The Infinite Hotel is a famous math story and puzzle that was thought of by David Hilbert, a German mathematician. Sometimes the Infinite Hotel is called Hilbert’s Paradox of the Grand Hotel. It states that if one person comes into the hotel and all the rooms are full, they can all move down one room and the person can then take the first room. If k number of people come into the hotel and all the rooms are full, everyone can move down k number of rooms to make room for the people that just arrived. And, if double the amount of people that are already there are looking for rooms, everyone in room n can move to room 2n, making room for all the new arrivals in the odd-numbered rooms. This example of the Infinite Hotel can be used in certain forms of mathematical induction, and also in set theory and studies dealing with infinite numbers.
Tags: algebra, arrivals, David Hilbert, double, down, German, grand, Hilbert, hotel, induction, infinite, infinity, k, move, n!, new, numbers, paradox, room, set, space, theory
Posted in Algebra | No Comments »
Friday, November 20th, 2009
Definition of an Outlier
Description
A detailed tutorial on the definition of an outlier. Step by step tutorial including several examples of definitions of outliers for reference.
Overview
An outlier is a type of observation of statistical data. It is usually very far away from the other values in the data set, hence the name. Usually it is a number that is much smaller than the other numbers, although it could be much larger than the other numbers as well. Outliers have an equal chance of occuring in any random observation, but they are still rare. Typically when an outlier is found it means there is some sort of mistake, usually a measurement error.
Tags: chance, data, elements, equal, error, larger, measurement, mistake, numbers, observation, outlier, random, set, smaller, statistical, statistics, values
Posted in Statistics | No Comments »
Thursday, November 5th, 2009
Using Tally Marks in Equations
Description
A detailed tutorial om how to use tally marks to solve equations. Step by step tutorial including several examples of tally marks for reference.
Overview
Tally marks are a way of counting that most of us were taught about at a young age – where you count to five by drawing four vertical bars with one diagonal line across them. But tally marks can also be used to help with equations, especially ones with addition and subtraction. As a tally mark is a type of counting numeral that gives you a visual example on solving equations, they can be very useful on simple additon and subtraction problems, as it helps to prove the right answer has been found.
Tags: arithmetic, bar, bars, count, counting, diagonal, five, five-bar, gate, horizontal, lines, numbers, numerals, tally marks, vertical, visual
Posted in Arithmetic | No Comments »
Thursday, October 22nd, 2009
Inductive Sets in Set Theory
Description
A detailed tutorial on inductive sets in set theory. Step by step tutorial including several examples of inductive sets in set theory for reference.
Overview
An inductive set is a continuous set of natural numbers that follows a basic pattern of n + 1. This means that for all numbers in the set, that number plus the number one must also be included in the set.The set does not need to include all natural numbers – that is, the set may start at any natural number provided it is greater than or equal to one. However, the set must continue to infinity or it cannot be considered an inductive set.
Tags: -1, addition, complete, continuous, discrete math, element, equal, greater, induction, inductive, infinity, mathematical, natural, numbers, one, pattern, principle, set, subset, theory
Posted in Discrete Math | No Comments »
Thursday, October 1st, 2009
Introduction to Fermat’s Last Theorem
Description
A detailed tutorial of Fermat’s Last Theorem. Step by step tutorial including several examples of Fermat’s Last Theorem for reference.
Overview
Fermat’s Last Theorem is one of the most well known mathematical theorems. Fermat’s Last Theorem states that no three positive integers a, b, and c can satisfy the equation a^n + b^n = c^n for any integer value of n greater than 2. Notice that the pattern for this theorem follows the Pythagorean theorem. This theorem had to be proved for odd prime numbers, as Fermat had only left that there was the special instance of n = 4 that works for this equation. Fermat first came up with the problem in 1637, but it was not solved until 1995. This theorem led to the developement of both algebraic number theory and the proof of the modularity theorem.
Tags: a, algebraic number theory, Andrew Wiles, b, c, Calculus, Fermat's Last Theorem, integers, Math, modularity theorem, n!, numbers, odd, Pierre de Fermat, positive, prime, pythagorean theorem
Posted in Calculus | No Comments »
Thursday, September 24th, 2009
Set Theory Explained
Description
A detailed tutorial of set theory. Step by step tutorial including several examples of set theory for reference. Knowledge of set theory is required for most upper level math classes.
Overview
Set theory is the practice of sets and subsets. A set is a group of elements – numbers, items, anything. A set is expressed as A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, with A being the set, and anything inside the brackets being part of the set, being elements. A subset is also a set, but one that is the same as or contains part of another set. Each set has at least two subsets, because a subset can also be the exact same set, and an empty set. An empty set is expressed as a O with a line drawn through it, and it is a set that has no elements in it.
Tags: brackets, combination, contains, discrete math, elements, empty sets, Math, numbers, set, set theory, sets, subsets
Posted in Discrete Math | No Comments »
Tuesday, September 22nd, 2009
How to Solve De Moivre’s Theorem
Description
A detailed tutorial on the solving of De Moivre’s Theorem. Step by step tutorial including several examples of how to solve De Moivre’s Theorem for reference.
Overview
De Moivre’s Theorem was named after Abraham de Moivre. It states that any complex number (or any real number) x and any integer n that 
This is called De Moivre’s Formula. This formula is important because it connects complex numbers with trigonometry.
Tags: Abraham de Moivre, complex, de moivre's formula, de moivre's theorem, differential equations, euler's formula, imaginary, induction, Math, numbers, real, trigonometry
Posted in Differential Equations | No Comments »
Monday, September 21st, 2009
Understanding Real Numbers
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Description
A detailed tutorial on the use and definition of Real Number. Step by step tutorial including several examples of how to use Real Numbers for reference.
Overview
Real numbers is the set of numbers made up of both rational and irrational numbers. This means that if a number can be expressed in a fraction or a non repeating decimal without undefined components, it is a real number. Numbers that don’t fit into this set would include imaginary numbers and those that contain division by 0.
Tags: algebra, irrational numbers, Math, numbers, rational numbers, real numbers
Posted in Algebra, Arithmetic, Math | No Comments »
